,d;unew;
Internet
01. mwpKfk; (Introduction)
kdpjFy tuyhw;wpy; 20k; E}w;whz;L kpf Kf;fpakhdJ. ,e;E}w;whz;by; jhd; kfj;jhd fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; epfo;e;Js;sJld;> mtw;wpy; ghjpa tsHr;rpAk; ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wJ. ,tw;Ws; njhiyj;njhlHGr; rhjdq;fspd; fz;Lgpbg;GfSk; mtw;wpd; Kd;Ndw;wq;fSk; gue;J tpupe;j ,t;Tyfpid xU rpwpa tl;lj;Js; nfhz;Ltu gq;fhw;Wfpd;wd. njhopy;El;gj;jpy; Vw;gLk; tpiuthd khw;wk; njhopy; epWtdq;fis gugug;gilar; nra;fpd;wJ. epWtdq;fs; rpwg;ghd jfty; gupkhw;w trjpfisf; nfhz;bUg;gJ xU gykhf (Strength) mikfpd;wJ. ,jdhy;jhd; jfty;ts Kfhikj;Jtk; (Information Resource Management) vd;gjpy; epWtdq;fs; $ba ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wd. ,jw;fpzq;f ,f;fl;LiuahdJ mz;ikapy; gpugy;ak; mile;J jfty; gupkhw;wj;jpy; Gul;rpia Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w ,d;unew; gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ijj; jUtjhf mikfpd;wJ.
02. ,d;unew;wpd; Njhw;wKk; tsHr;rpAk;
cyfshtpa uPjpapy; gy;Ntwgl;l fzdpfSf;fpilapyhd jfty; njhlHG gupkhw;w tiyg;gpd;dy; mikg;gpidNa Internet vdyhk;. vt;thW cyfpy; gy;NtW gFjpfspYk; cs;s njhiyNgrpfs; ,izf;fg;gl;L jfty; gupkhw;wg;gLfpd;wdNth mNjNghy Internet ,y; fzdpfs; ,izf;fg;gl;L jfty; gupkhw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; tha;nkhop> glk; (fyH) vd ve;jtpjj;jpYk; rpWkhw;wk; $l ,d;wp jfty; gupkhw;wg;gLtNj ,jd; jdpr;rpwg;ghFk;.
19Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l njhiyNgrpj; njhopy;El;gKk;> 20k; E}w;whz;bd; eLg;gFjpapy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l fzdpj; njhopy;El;gKk; NrHe;Nj Internet ,U mbg;gilahdJ. 1957,y; mnkupf;fhtpy; cUthf;fg;gl;l ‘caH epiy Ma;Tf;fhd nraw;jpl;l epWtdk;’ (Advanced Projects Research Agency – APRA) 1969 ,y; fzdpfspd; Jiznfhz;L ,yj;jpudpay; njhlHGfis Vw;gLj;jyhk; vdf; fz;Lgpbj;jJ. ,JNt Internet ,d; Muk;gkhFk;. 1971,y; ,e;j tiyaikg;G (Net work) ,yj;jpudpay; jghy; epiyakhf (Electronic Mail, e-mail) tsHe;Js;sJ. 1973,y; jhd; Internet vd;w ngaH #l;lg;gl;lJ. Muk;gj;jpy; mnkupf;fhtpy; kl;LkpUe;j ,e;j Internet cld; nra;jpfs; %yk; INuhg;gpa fzdpfSk; ,ize;jd. ,J Muk;gj;jpy; tpQ;Qhdpfshy; kl;LNk tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sf; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ. 1992Mk; Mz;L World wide web (www) cyfshtpa njhlHG cUthd gpd;dHjhd; rhjhuz kf;fspd; ghtidf;F Vw;wjhf mike;jJld; ,t;tiyg;gpd;dy; %yk; cyfpy; ve;jg; gFjpapy; cs;s jfty;fisAk;> epfo;TfisAk; internet %yk; fzdpj; jpiuapy; Neubahfg; ghHf;fTk; KbAk;.
,d;W ,j;Jiwapy; mur> tHj;jf epWtdq;fs; gy ,ize;Js;sd. mz;ikf;fhy Ma;tpd;gb ,e;j tiyg;gpd;dy; 500 ,yl;rj;jpw;F Nkw;gl;l fzdpfisAk; mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jk; 1500 ,yl;rj;Jf;F Nkw;gl;l ghtidahsHfisAk; ,izj;Js;sJ. mj;Jld; ehshe;jk; 10000 fzdpfs; ,j;Jiwapy; Gjpjhfg; GFj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,J Ntfkhf mjpfupj;J tUk; gy;NtW jfty; njhFjpfisg; gupkhw;Wfpd;wJ. ,tw;wpy; kUj;Jtk; Kjy; tpQ;Qhdk;> nghwpapay;> tptrhak; kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp Nghd;w ntt;Ntwhd tplaq;fisAk; gy;NtW fiyfs; gw;wpa tplaq;fisAk; nghOJNghf;F> Nfspf;if> tpisahl;Lf;fs;> Shopping, Ntiytha;g;G Mfpad rk;ge;jg;gl;l vy;yhj; jfty;fisAk; gQ;rhq;fk;> mfuhjpfs; (Dictionaries), jfty; fsQ;rpak; (Encyclopedias), glq;fs; Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jk; tha;g;ig Internet mspf;fpd;wJ.
,d;unew; ngwj; Njitahd mbg;gil trjpfs; :
cyfpy; vg;gpuNjrj;jpy; ,Ue;jhYk; Internet %yk; jfty;fisg; ngwNth my;yJ toq;fNth fPo;tUk; mbg;gil trjpfs; Kf;fpakhdJ.
(1) fzdp (Computer)
,J 186DX my;yJ ,jpYk; nrayhw;w Ntfk; $baJ.
(2) nkhlk; (Modem)
,f;fUtpapd; Mff; Fiwe;j Ntfk; 14400 MPS (Bytes per second) Mf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
(3) njhiyNgrp
(4) Windows software, Communication sofftware vd;gdthFk;.
,yq;ifapy; internet Nritia toq;Fk; mikg;Gf;fs;
(1) Lanka Internet
(2) Sri Lanka Telecom
(3) Itmin (,w;kpd;)
(4) Cey com (rpnfhk;)
(5) Cin tec (rpd;nuf;)
(6) Vissual Internet Nghd;w mikg;GfshFk;.
,d;unew; tiyg;gpd;dypd; jfty; gupkhw;wk;
,jd;%yk; nra;jpiag; gug;g tpUk;GgtHfs; nra;jpiag; gug;Gtjw;F Kd;G mjw;nfd jfty; jfsj;ij cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; jfty; nra;jpfs; Internet tiyg;gpd;dypw;F ,izf;f Kd;dH fzdpapy; mjw;nfd cs;s nkhopfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tbtikf;fg;gLk;. ,q;F jfty; nra;jpfisg; gf;fk; gf;fkhfg; gpupj;J tbtikf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jid Web Page vd;gH. xU jfty; my;yJ nra;jp xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l web page Mf ,Uf;fyhk;. web page fspd; Kw;gf;fj;ij Home page vd;gH. ,J xU Gj;jfj;jpd; Kd; ml;il Nghd;wJ. ,jpy; jfty; ,Uf;Fkplk;> epWtdg; ngaH> epWtdg; gzpfs;> toq;Fk; nra;jpfs; Nghd;w gzpfs; ,lk;ngWk;. web page, Home page fis cUthf;f HTML (Hyper tax making language) vd;w nkhop cjTfpd;wJ. ,tw;wpd; %yk; jfty; cUthf;fg;gl;L mDg;gg;gLk;. jfty; jfsq;fs; Web sites vdg;gLk;. ,it world wide web http vDk; njhlHG tiyaikg;G Clfj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Hyper text transport protocol MdJ HTML nkhopapy; mike;j jfty;fis Nfhitfshf (Files) itj;Js;sJ.
Internet Clhf jfty;fs;> nra;jpfs; mDg;Gtjw;F muRfs;> epWtdq;fspw;F jdpj;jdpNa Internet Address fs; cz;L. cjhuzkhf ,yq;ifr; nra;jpfisg; ngWtjw;fhd Kftup http/www.lanka web. com vd;gjhFk;. ,t;thwhd Kftupfs; URL (Uniform Resource Locater) vdg;gLk;. ,d;W cyf uPjpapy; vj;jidNah mikg;Gf;fs;> epWtdq;fs; vj;jidNah tifahd jfty;fisg; gupkhw;Wtjw;F Internet ,id njhlHG nfhz;Ls;sd. ,e;epiyapy; Internet Ig; gad;gLj;Jk; xUtH vy;yh KftupfisAk; mwpe;jpUf;f KbahJ. vdNt vkf;Fj; Njitahd Kftupfisj; NjLtjw;F Search engine cjTfpd;wd. ,jw;F cjhuzkhf yahoo, webcrawler, Lycos vd;gtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,jpy; http/www.yahoo.com vd;Dk; Kftupa+lhf topfhl;bia mile;J Njitahd epWtdg; ngaiu my;yJ nrhw;fisf; nfhLj;jhy; mJ njhlHghd rfy KftupfisAk; ,t;topfhl;b jUk;. Njitahd jiyg;Gf;fs; type nra;J Enter vDk; key 2 mOj;Jtjd; %yk; ehk; cupa jftiyj; jpiuapy; ngwKbAk;. ,t;thW ngwg;gl;l jfty;fis Diskette fisg; ghtpj;J Nrkpf;f KbAk; my;yJ Print nra;J ngwKbAk;.
,d;unew;wpd; Nritfs;
Internet ,d;%yk; cyfpy; cs;s vtUk; kw;w vtUlDk; ve;jsT J}uj;jpy; ,Ue;jhYk; rpy epkplq;fspNyNa ,yFthf njhlHGfis Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhs;syhk;. gpd;tUk; gpujhd gad;fis Internet %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.
(1) ,yj;jpudpay; jghy; (Electronic mail, e-mail)
Internet ,d; kpfg; gpujhd Nritahf miktJ e-mail NritahFk;. vt;thW ehk; fbjq;fisj; jghy; epiyaq;f@lhf cyfpd; gy;NtW ,lq;fspw;Fk; mDg;Gfpd;NwhNkh mNjNghd;W e-mail ,y; fzdpfspw;F xU Lasser Printer ,Ug;gpd; nra;jpiaj; Jy;ypakhf gpujpAk; vLf;fyhk;. Njitahapd; jpUj;jTk; KbAk;.
(2) cyfshtpa tiyg;gpd;dy; (world wide web – www)
Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W ,q;F epWtdq;fs;> murhq;fq;fs; jkf;nfd web sites I cUthf;fp mit gw;wpa jfty;fis mjpy; gjpT nra;fpd;wd. gj;jpupiffs; $l jkf;nfd xU gFjpia Vw;gLj;jp jkJ ehshe;j gj;jpupiffis www. ,y; ntspapLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; tPl;by; ,Ue;jthNw gj;jpupiffis thrpj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. gj;jpupif mr;rpw;Fg; Nghf Kd;Ng Internet ,y; mijg; ghHf;fyhk;. tpahghu epWtdq;fSf;F ,J xU gzr; nrytw;w tpsk;gukhf miktJld; Nghl;bahsH gw;wpa tpguq;fisAk; ,yFthfg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
(3) ,yj;jpudpay; gzk; (Electronic money)
Internet ,d; mLj;j gzp fzdpfSf;$lhf gzf;nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; Nkw;nfhs;tjhFk;. fld; ml;ilfisg; (Credit cards) Ig; gad;gLj;jp jw;fhyj;jpy; Vw;wthW gzf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wNjh mNjNghd;W rpwg;ghd Floppy disk ,y; gzj; njhifiag; gjpTnra;J gupkhw;wk; Internet Clhf ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ. ,jd;gb xU egUf;Ff; nfhLf;fNtz;ba gzj;jpid Floppy disk ,y; mjw;Fupa ,ae;jpuj;jpy; nrUfp gjpTnra;J nfhLg;ghHfs;. Fwpj;j egH nghUl;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;Ak; NghJ ,e;j disk ,idf; nfhLj;jhy; mjpypUe;J mtHfs; gzj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;thHfs;. mgptpUj;jpaile;j ehLfspy; ,JNghd;w trjpfs; Vw;fdNt eilKiwapy; cs;sd. ,yq;if Nghd;w mgptpUj;jpaile;J tUk; ehLfspy; ,jd; ghtid jw;NghNj Gof;fj;jpw;F tUfpd;wJ. gzj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; Floppy disk ,id ];khHw; fhl; (Smart card) vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Smart card fisg; gad;gLj;jp vOj;J tbthd my;yJ gl tbthd jfty;fisr; rpy epkplq;fspy; cyfpd; vg;gFjpf;Fk; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl KbAk;. ,J tpiuthd nryT Fiwe;j XH KiwahFk;. e-mail trjpiag; ngw;wtHfSf;F e-mail address xd;Wk; toq;fg;gLk;. epWtdq;fs; jkJ visiting card ,y; Telephone, Fax ,yf;fq;fSld; ,e;j e-mail address IAk; NrHj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;. ,jw;fpzq;f jhk; mDg;g Ntz;ba jfty;fisf; fzdpapy; njhFj;j gpd;dH send vd;w gl;lid mOj;jpaJk; rpy epkplq;fspy; jfty; cupatHfSf;Fr; nrd;wilAk;. jftiyg; ngwNtz;batH fzdpiag; ghtpj;j tz;zNk cs;shuhapd; jftiy cld; ngWthH. mtH fzdpiag; ghtpf;fhJ ,Ug;ghuhdhy; ,yj;jpudpay; jghy; ngl;bf;Fs; (Electronic mail box) Nghlg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mtH fzdpiag; ghtpf;f Muk;gpf;Fk; NghJ jghy; xd;W te;jpUg;gjhf cldwpTWj;jg;gLthH. ,f;fbjj;ijg; gyUf;F xNu Neuj;jpy; mDg;gp tplyhk;. xU tpdhbapy; RkhH 4000 e-mail fbjq;fs; Internet topahf mDg;gg;gLfpd;wJ. e-mail gl;baiy (Mailing list) gad;gLj;jp xNu Neuj;jpy; gyH jq;fsJ fUj;Jf;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;.
njhiyNgrp> Fax vd;gtw;Wld; xg;gpLk; NghJ ,J kpftk; nryT Fiwe;jjhFk;. Fax ,ae;jpuj;jpd; %yk; fyH glq;fs; mDg;g KbahJ> gy gf;fq;fisf; nfhz;l nra;jpia mDg;g mjpf Neuk; vLf;Fk;. mDg;gNtz;ba ,lk; J}ukhapd; mjpfsT fl;lzk; nrYj;jNtz;Lk;. mj;Jld; vOj;Jk; Jy;ypakhf ,Uf;fhJ> xUtif Filary paper ,y; Fax mq;F fpilf;Fk;. ,t; Mtzj;ijg; ngw;wgpd; jpUj;jq;fis Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ. Mdhy; e-mail ,y; ,it vy;yhk; rhj;jpakhFk;. vj;jidgf;fr; nra;jpahdhYk; jahHnra;J Kbe;jJk; mLj;jfzNk mDg;gptplyhk;. rHtNjr njhiyNgrpf; fl;lzk; fpilahJ. Internet ,w;fhd khjhe;jf; fl;lzk; jtpu NtW vr;nryTk; fpilahJ. gutyhdhy; muR gzj;ij mr;rbf;f Ntz;ba Njit mtrpak; Vw;glhJ. mj;Jld; tq;fpfs; gzj;ijf; ifahsj; Njitapy;iy. fhrhsH gzj;ij vz;zp Neuj;ij tpuakhf;fj; Njitapy;iy. Pass word (gh];Ntl;) ghJfhg;Gld; Smart card jw;NghJ fpilj;Js;sJ. Pass word vd;why; ,ufrpa FwpaPl;L ,yf;fkhFk;. ,jdhy; Smart card Ij; njhiyj;jhYk; kw;wtH mjidg; gad;gLj;j KbahJ.
(4) a+]; new;; (Use net)
Usenet ,y; Vuhskhd jiyg;Gf;fs;> njhFg;Gf;fs; cz;L. ehk; njupTnra;Ak; xU jiyaq;fj;jpw;$lhf xU FOtpw;F nrd;W mJ njhlHghd tplaq;fisg; gjpTnra;ayhk;. my;yJ gjpT nra;ag;gl;l tplaq;fis thrpf;fyhk;. NkYk; Fwpg;gpl;l jiyg;Gf;fs; FOf;fis fye;jhNyhrid elj;Jtjw;fhf nra;jpf; FOf;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; ,e;j usenet mike;Js;sJ.
(5) ,d;unew;wpy; NknyOe;jthup Njly; (Surfing the net)
tiyg;gpd;dy; g;nuh]iug; (web browser) gad;gLj;jp ntt;Ntwhd ehLfspy; ,Uf;Fk; fzdpfspy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; jfty;fisAk;> fyH tiuglq;fisAk; xU egH vspjhfTk; tpiuthfTk; ghHitapl KbAk;. NkYk; ,e;jg; gFjpa+lhf tiyg;gpd;dy; fhl;rpg; nghUshf itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; mUq;fiyg; nghUl;fisAk; rHtNjr epidT mUq;fhl;rpafj;ijAk; (Holocaust Memorial Museum) ghHitapl KbAk;. tzpf epWtdq;fSk; mikg;Gf;fSk; jq;fSila cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fisAk; NritfisAk; tpsk;gug;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; Vida tpjkhd jfty;fisAk; toq;f Kd;te;Js;sd. ,jd;gb ,e;epWtdq;fspd; thbf;ifahsH me;epWtd tpyhrj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp tPl;bypUe;jthNw trjpaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
(6) tpisahl;L> ciuahly;
Internet Ig; gad;gLj;jp cyfpy; VjhtJ xU gFjpapy; ,Uf;Fk; kw;nwhUtUld; tpisahl;Lf;fspy; <Lglyhk;. nr]; (Chess) tpisahl;il vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; xUtH nts;isf; fhia efHj;j Kfk; njupahj kw;iwa egH fWg;Gf; fhia efHj;JtH. ,t;thwhf gy tpisahl;bYk; Internet Kf;fpak; ngWfpd;wJ. MUD (Multi user Dungeor) vd;w tpisahl;L Gfo;ngw;wJ. ,jd; gjk; NrHe;Jnfhs;sy;.
Internet ,d; gad;ghLfs; midj;Jk; ngwj;jf;ftifapy; Multi media computers mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;Jld; ,d;Wk; gy khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; jfty; Afj;jpy; ngUk; Gul;rpia Vw;gLj;jyhk; vd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
KbTiu
ve;jnthU mikg;gpd; tsHr;rpf;Fk; kpf Kf;fpakhdJ jftyhFk;. ,jd;gb tpiuthf tsHr;rpaile;J tUk; Internet #o;ts epWtdq;fs; Internet njhlHGfis Vw;gLj;jp Muk;g tiyg;gpd;dypd; gpuNahfj;ij jpl;lkpLtJld; Nghl;b epWtdq;fspd; Internet trjpfis Muha Ntz;baitahfTk; Gjpa trjpfis clDf;Fld; GFj;j Ntz;baitahfTk; cs;sd.
,yq;ifapy; ngupa tpahghu epWtdq;fs; Internet trjpia Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd. rhjhuz nghJkf;fSk; Internet trjpiag; ngWk; tifapy; ,d;unew; fNg (internet cafe) gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; jw;NghJ Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jdhy; Fiwe;j nryTld; ‘cyfk; KOtJk; cyh’ tuyhk;.
Mf;fk; : eh.wkzd;;
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