rHtNjr nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fk; I.C.R.C.,
,yq;if nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fk; S.L.R.C
nraw;ghLfs;
1928Mk; Mz;L itfhrpj; jpq;fs; vl;lhk; ehs;
Rtp];rHyhe;J ehl;by; gpwe;j n`d;wp Ldhd;l; (Henry Dunant) vd;gtNu ,d;W cyfshtpa uPjpapy; ,aq;fp msg;gupa
Nritahw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; rHtNjr nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;Ff;
fhuzfHj;juhthH. ,tH jdJ ,sk; guhaj;jpNyNa kdpjNeak; kpf;ftuha; ,Ue;jJld;>
,jid tsHf;fTk; ghLgl;ltH. ,tH kpFe;j nry;te;jf; FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;jJ
kl;Lky;yhJ> tpahghuj;ijj; jdJ njhopyhfTk; nfhz;bUe;jhH.
,tH tpahghu Nehf;fkhf neg;Nghypaidr; re;jpg;gjw;fhf tl ,j;jhypf;Fg; NghfNtz;bapUe;jJ. ,j;jhypf;Fk; gpuhd;Rf;Fk; fLk; rz;il ele;Jnfhz;bUe;j 1859k; Mz;L ,tH jdJ Fjpiu tz;bapNy neg;Nghypaidr; re;jpg;gjw;fhf ‘nrhy;/gupNdh’ vd;Dk; fpuhkj;jpD}lhfNt nry;yNtz;bapUe;jJ. mf;fpuhkj;jpNyNa cf;fpu rz;il ele;Jnfhz;bUe;jJ. ,jidg; ghHitapl;l n`d;wp Fzhd;l; mtHfs; neg;Nghypaidr; re;jpg;gijf; iftpl;L> Aj;jj;jpy; kuzkile;jtHfisAk;> fhak; mile;jtHfisAk; guhkupf;Fk; gzpapy; <Lglj; njhlq;fpdhH. maw;fpuhk kf;fisAk;> VidNahiuAk; xd;wpizj;J cldb kUj;Jt KjYjtpfisr; nra;tjw;fhfj; Njthyak; xd;wpid kUj;Jt kidahfg; ghtpj;J 40000 NgUf;Fr; rpfpr;ir mspj;jhH.
1862Mk; Mz;L ‘nrhy;/gupNdhtpd; mDgtq;fs;’ vd;w Gj;jfj;ijj; jhd;fz;l gy;NtW mDgtq;fisAk;> Aj;j fsj;jpy; Mw;wpa NritfisAk; tpsf;fp ,tH vOjpapUe;;jhH.
n`d;wp Ldhd;l; mtHfs; mj;Jld; Xa;e;Jtpltpy;iy. 1863Mk; Mz;L jd;Dld; NkYk; ehd;F n[dPth gpui[fisAk; ,izj;J xU FOthf ,aq;fpdhH. 1864Mk; Mz;L ,f;FOtpdH jkf;nfd xU rpd;dj;ijj; njupTnra;J + (nts;is epwg; gpd;dzpapy; rptg;Gr; rpYit) mjid mKy;gLj;jj; njhlq;fpdH. 1876Mk; Mz;L rHtNjr nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fnkd ,f;FONt gupzkpj;J ,aq;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. mNugpa ehLfspy; nrk;gpiwr; rpd;dj;Jld; ,aq;f Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
1864Mk; Mz;L ,uh[je;jpupfs; $b> Aj;jfsj;jpy; fhaKWgtHfspd; eyd;fisg; Ngz KjyhtJ n[dPth rhrdj;ij (Geneva Convention) Vw;wdH. mjd;gpd;dH %d;WKiw n[dPth rhrdk; nra;ag;gl;L nkhj;jkhf ehd;F n[dPth rhrdq;fs; cs;sd. ,r;rhrdq;fshy; fPo;f;fhZk; tifiar; rhHe;NjhH ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wdH.
(1) fsj;jpy; fhaKw;w my;yJ RftPdKw;wtHfs;
(2) flypy; fhaKw;w my;yJ RftPdKw;w my;yJ jj;jspf;Fk; tPuHfs;
(3) NghHf; ifjpfs;
(4) MAjg; Nghupy; rpf;fpa Fbkf;fs;
n[dPthf rhrdq;fspy; 188 ehLfs; mjid Vw;Wf; ifnahg;gkpl;Ls;sd. ,yq;ifAk; ,jpy; ifnahg;gkpl;Ls;sJ. 150 ehLfisr; NrHe;j Vwj;jho 130 Mapuk; kpy;ypad; mq;fj;jtHfs; cs;sdH. jw;rkak; 55 ehLfspy; rHtNjr nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fk; rpwg;ghf ,aq;FfpwJ.
rHtNjr nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fk;> Aj;jk; eilngWk; ehLfspy; my;yJ ,aw;if mdHj;jk; eilngWk; NghJ me;ehl;L murhq;fk; mioj;jhy; kl;LNk mq;F nrd;W Nritnra;a KbAk;. Nrit nra;Ak;NghJ me;ehl;bd; rl;ljpl;lq;fSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;Nl nraw;gl KbAk;. ,jw;fikthf cyfpy; msg;gupa Nritia ,r;rq;fk; kpfTk; rpwg;ghf elhj;jp tUfpd;wJ. ,jd; jiyik mYtyfk; Rtp]; ehl;bd; n[dPth efupy; ,aq;fp tUfpwJ. ,J xU murpay; rhHGfsw;w> Rje;jpukhd kdpjhgpkhd ];jhgdkhFk;. ,r;rq;fj;jpd; VO NfhLghLfshtd;
(1) kdpjhgpkhdk; Humanity
(2) ghugl;rkpd;ik Impartiality
(3) eLepiyik Neutrality
(4) RahjPdk; Independence
(5) njhz;lH Nrit Voluntary service
(6) xUikg;ghL Unity
(7) cyfshtpa jd;ik Universality
,yq;iff;F 1989Mk; Mz;L rHtNjr nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fk; ,yq;if murpd; miog;gpd; Ngupy; tUif je;J Nritnra;aj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,e;ehl;bd; njd;gFjpapy; Vw;gl;l 2tJ N[.tp.gp. fytuq;fspd; NghJ jdJ Nritia Muk;gpj;jJ. mjidj; njhlHe;J tlfpof;fpy; Vw;gl;l Aj;j #o;epiyahy; rHtNjr nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fk; 1990k; Mz;by; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; xU fpis mYtyfj;ijj; jpwe;J Nritahw;wp tUfpwJ. ,yq;ifapy; Vwj;jho 50 ntspehl;Lg; gpujpepjpfSk;> 300 cs;ehl;Lg; gpujpepjpfSk; gzpGupfpd;wdH. ,jd; nfhOk;Gj; jiyikafk; ,y 29> Layards Road, Colombo ,y; ,aq;fp tUfpd;wJ.
,yq;ifapy; ,r;rq;fk; nra;Ak; Kf;fpa Nritfs; rpy:
(1) Nkhjy;fs; eilngWk; gFjpfspy; thOk; nghJkf;fs;> kw;Wk; fhakile;NjhH> ifJnra;ag;gl;NlhUld; kjpg;Gld; ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;baJ gw;wpAk; Nghupy; <LgLNthUf;F epidt+l;b tUjy; Ntz;Lk;.
(2) fytuq;fs; njhlHghf ifj;J nra;ag;gl;Lr; rpiwapy; cs;Nshiu I.C.R.C. apdH ghHitapl;L tUfpd;wH. ifjpfs; fhzhkw;Nghjy;> mtHfSf;Fj; Jd;GWj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; rpj;jputijfs; ,lk;ngwhtz;zk; jLf;f ,g;ghHitaply;fs; cjTfpd;wd.
(3) Nkhjy;fs; eilngWfpd;w #o;epiyfspdhy; gpupe;JNghd FLk;g mq;fj;jtHfspilNa njhlHGfis kPz;Lk; Vw;gLj;j I.C.R.C apdH nrQ;rpYitr; nra;jpj; njhlHgpid xOq;Fnra;jy;.
(4) Aj;jj;jpdhy; Vw;gl;l Rfhjhu rPHNfLfisf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L vy;iyg;Gw kw;Wk; gpd;jq;fpa fpuhkq;fSf;F kUj;Jt trjpfisr; nra;J nfhLj;jy;.
(5) nghJ Rfhjhu Nrit rk;ge;jkhd cjtpfs; mspj;jy;
(6) nrQ;rpYitr; rq;ff; fg;gy; %yk; Kf;fpa itj;jpa NjitfSf;nfd aho;g;ghzj;jpypUe;J nfhOk;Gf;Fk; kPz;Lk; nfhOk;gpypUe;J aho;g;ghzj;jpw;Fk; Nehahspfis mioj;Jr; nry;tJld; ,f;fg;gy; %yk; aho; khtl;lj;Jf;Fj; Njitahd kUe;Jg; nghUl;fisAk; vLj;Jte;J nfhLj;J itj;jparhiy epHthfj;Jf;F cjTfpd;wJ. ,f;fk;gy; Nrit %yk; jghw;Nrit cl;gl NkYk;gy Nritfs; mspj;jy;.
(7) mtru NtisfspYk;> ,lk;ngaHT Vw;gLfpd;w NtisfspYk; czT> FbePH> rikaw; ghj;jpuq;fs; toq;fy; jw;fhypf Fbir mikj;jy; Nghd;w cjtpfisr; nra;jy;.
(8) aho;. Flhf; flY}lhf td;dpapypUe;J tUk; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspd; kUj;Jt Nritia ‘rP-NehH’ Kfhkpy; mtHfs; tPLfSf;Fr; nry;y mDkjpf;Fk; tiu nra;JtUjy;.
(9) Nghupy; <LgLNthUf;Fg; nghJkf;fs; kw;Wk; fhakile;NjhH> ifJnra;ag;gl;NlhUld; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba rHtNjr kdpjhgpkhd rl;lq;fs; gw;wpa mwpTiuia toq;fp tUfpd;wdH. mj;Jld; jkJ nfhs;iffs;> gzpfs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;fs; gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fisAk; kf;fSf;F mwpag;gLj;JtJld; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fis ,yFtpy; mZfp mtHfSf;F cjTfpd;wdH.
,yq;if (=yq;fh) nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fk; ehlshtpa uPjpapy; Mw;Wk; gzpfs;
xt;nthU ehl;bYk; xU nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fNk ,aq;f KbAk;. ,jidj; Njrpa rq;fk; (National Society) vd;gH. Mdhy;> ,r;rq;fk; jdJ fpisfis ehlshtpa uPjpapy; itj;Jr; nraw;gl KbAk;.
,yq;ifapy; 1936Mk; Mz;L gpupj;jhdpa nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fj;jpd; fpisahf Kjd;Kjypy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. 1949Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;ifr; nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fk; vdTk;> 1972Mk; Mz;by; =yq;fh nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fk; vdTk; ngaHkhw;wk; nra;ag;gl;L ,aq;fp tUfpd;wJ. 1952Mk; Mz;L cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa kdpjhgpkhdg; gzpGupAk; mikg;ghd rHtNjr rk;Nksdk; (International Federation Red Cross – IFRC) Ald; ,ize;J mq;fj;Jtk; ngw;wJ. ,r;rk;Nksdk; cyfpy; ,aq;Fk; Njrpa rq;fq;fSf;F Ntz;ba mDruizfisAk;> MNyhridfisAk; epjp trjpfisAk; nra;J nfhLg;gJld; Njrpa rq;fq;fspd; topfhl;bahfTk; ,aq;FfpwJ. (IFRC apd; ,yq;iff;fhd mYtyfk; nfhOk;gpy; ,aq;FtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,jd; nfhOk;Gg; gpujpepjpahd Mr.Bo Basctscom fle;j tUlk; aho;. fpisapd; nraw;ghLfisg; ghHitapl ,yq;ifr; nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fj;jpd; Njrpa jiyikg; gPlj;jpd; (National Headquarters) nrayhsH ehafk; (Secretary General) jpU.Vtpd; Gsj;rpq;fs (Evin Bulathsingala) rfpjk; te;J ghHitapl;l gpd;dH kpFe;j jpUg;jpAld; nrd;wpUe;jdH.
Njrpa rq;fq;fSk; nrQ;rpYitapd; VO Nfhl;ghLfSf;fikthfNt jkJ Nritfisg; ghugl;rkpd;wp> kdpjhgpkhdj;Jld;> fytuq;fspdhYk;> ,aw;if mopTfspdhYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;Fr; Nritahw;wp tUfpd;wJ.
ehlshtpa uPjpapy; ,yq;ifr; nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fk; fle;j gy tUlq;fshf Mw;wpa Nritfisf; fPo;f;fhZk; Kiwapy; gl;baw;gLj;jyhk;.
(1) Njrpa itgtq;fs; rka kw;Wk; tpisahl;L epfo;r;rpfspd; NghJ KjYjtp Nritfs; mspj;jy;.
(2) murhq;f> jdpahH> nrQ;rpYit mq;fj;jtHfs; kw;Wk; nghJkf;fSf;F KjYjtp gapw;rp mspj;jy;.
(3) Fz;Lntbg;Gf;fs;> jP tpgj;Jf;fspy; ,we;j kw;Wk; fhakile;Njhiu mfw;wTk; mtHfSf;F KjYjypr; rpfpr;ir mspj;jYk;
(4) nts;sk;> kz;rupT> #whtsp Nghd;w ,aw;if mdHj;jq;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhUf;F cjtp toq;fy;.
(5) Nkhjy; eilngWk; gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J ,lk;ngaHe;J thOk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F epthua kw;Wk; elkhLk; kUj;Jt Nrit trjpfis mspj;jy;
(6) fbjr; Nrit> fhzhkw;NghNdhiuj; NjLjy;.
(7) ,we;j kw;Wk; fhakile;NjhUf;F mtHfspd; cliyf; nfhz;Lnry;y trjpaspj;jy;
(8) ,uj;jjhd gpur;rhuq;fis elhj;jp> nrQ;rpYitr; rq;f cWg;gpdHfs;> njhz;lHfs;> eyd;tpUk;gpfsplk; ,Ue;J ngwy;
(9) itj;jparhiyfspy; rpukjhd gzpfs; nra;jy;
(10) gpd;jq;fpa fpuhkq;fspy; Rfhjhu Nrit> fz;> gw;rpfpr;ir Nghd;wtw;Wf;Fj; jw;fhypf itj;jpa epiyaq;fis mikj;jy;
(11) ‘vapl;];’ Neha; gw;wpa fy;tp mwpT Cl;ly;
(12) ,isQH AtjpfSf;fhd Ranjhopy; Ntiy tha;;Gf;fhd jpl;lq;fisj; jPl;b eilKiwg;gLj;jy;.
(13) Muk;g Rfhjhu Nrit
(14) mk;Gyd;]; trjpfs;
(15) mopTfis vjpHNehf;f Maj;jkhf ,Uj;jy;
(16) mopTfspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhUf;F tPlikg;G trjp
Nkw;$wg;gl;l Nritfs; gytw;wpid aho;. fpis nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fKk; jd;dhyhdtiu jdJ gpupTf@lhfr; nra;J tUfpd;wJ. aho;. fpis Aj;j fhyj;jpy; gw;gy Nritfisj; Njitia czHe;J nraw;gl;Lg; gyuJ capHfisf; fhg;ghw;wpAs;sJ. nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fj;jpd; Nrit Aj;j fhyj;jpNyNa $Ljyhf mtrpakhfpd;wJ. aho;. fpisiag; nghWj;jtiuapy; rHtNjr nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fj;jpd; cjtpfSlNdNa gy rpwg;ghd Nritfis Mw;wp tUfpwJ.
rHtNjr nrQ;rpYitr rq;fj;jpd; rfy nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; Njrpa rq;fkhd ,yq;if nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fNk cjtp tUfpd;wJ. (rHtNjr nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs; gytw;iw ,yq;if nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fj;jpd; %yk; nra;tpj;J tUfpd;wdH). aho;. fpis jw;rkak; gytpjkhd Ranjhopy; Ntiytha;g;Gg; gapw;rpfisg; gbj;j ,isQH> AtjpfSf;F toq;fp ntw;wp fz;L tUfpd;wdH.
,r;rq;fj;jpd; mq;fj;Jtk; Nfhup rhjp> kj> ,d ghFghbd;wp ahUk; tpz;zg;gpf;f KbAk;. Kf;fpakhfr; Nrit kdg;ghd;ik cs;stHfs; mq;fj;Jtk; ngw;whNy mtHfsJ ciog;gpdhy; rq;fk; NkYk; tsHr;rp ngw;Wj; njhlHe;J Nritahw;w KbAk;.
‘cq;fSf;F cjt> vq;fSf;F cjTq;fs;’
‘Help others to help us’
Mf;fk; : jpU.jp.cja#upad; J.P
